Git is a distributed version control system (DVCS), also known as decentralized. This means that every developer has a full copy of the repository, which is hosted in the cloud.

Git Options

• Git Tutorial
• Git
• Git Docs

Other guides:

• Getting git right
• git - the simple guide

Git commands

Some very common requirements

Create local repository

git init
git add .
git commit -m "Message"

git status
git branch
git remote add origin git@github.com:{my-github}/{new-repo}.git
git push -u origin master
git remote -v
git log

Usual edit cycle

git add .
git commit -m "Message"
git push

git log

git log
git log --pretty=oneline
git log --graph --date-order -C -M --pretty=format:"<%h> %ad [%an] %Cgreen%d%Creset %s" --all --date=short
git log --pretty=format:'%h %ad | %s%d [%an]' --graph --date=short
git log --all --decorate --oneline --graph
git log --graph --abbrev-commit --decorate --date=relative --all
git log --author="johnvincentio"

Clone repository

git clone url - Clone repository

Add remote repository reference

git remote add origin git@github.com:{my-github}/{NEW_REPO}.git

Push files to remote repository

git push -u origin master

Verify remote repository

git remote -v

change to new remote:

git remote set-url origin https://github.com/{github-user}/{github-project}

Show the origin file of each config item.

git config --list --show-origin

Clone Branch

Clone master

git clone git@github.com:{github-user}/{github-project}

Clone branch

git clone -b feature_1 git@github.com:{github-user}/{github-project}

Create Feature Branch

Choose a feature branch name that is descriptive, for example:

feature/saved-user

Create a feature branch

cd {git-project-directory}
git checkout -b feature_1

Push to remote

git push origin feature_1

Edit on Feature Branch

• Create your feature branch (git checkout -b feature_1)
• Commit your changes (git commit -am 'Add some feature')
• Push to the branch (git push origin feature_1)
• Merge or Create a new Pull Request

Pull Request

Merge Feature Branch

Ensure feature branch is committed.

cd {git-project-directory}
git status

Switch to master branch

git checkout master

Merge feature branch into master

git merge feature_1

Push to remote master

git push origin master

Delete the feature branch

git branch -d feature_1

git diff

Compare local with remote

git difftool
git diff develop:README.md feature1001:README.md
git diff develop feature1001

git diff - Show differences

git diff HEAD - Show difference between working directory and last commit.

git diff --cached - Show difference between staged changes and last commit

git push origin HEAD - A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the remote.

git push origin HEAD --dry-run - used to try push, do everything except actually send the updates.

git reset

git reset - Reset staging area to match most recent commit, but leave the working directory unchanged.

git reset --hard - Reset staging area and working directory to match most recent commit and overwrites all changes in the working directory.

git reset <commit> - Move the current branch tip backward to , reset the staging area to match, but leave the working directory alone.

git reset --hard <commit> - Same as previous, but resets both the staging area & working directory to match. Deletes uncommitted changes, and all commits after .

git rebase

git rebase -i <base> - Interactively rebase current branch onto . Launches editor to enter commands for how each commit will be transferred to the new base.

git pull

git pull --rebase <remote> - Fetch the remote’s copy of current branch and rebases it into the local copy. Uses git rebase instead of merge to integrate the branches.

git push

git push <remote> --force - Forces the git push even if it results in a non-fast-forward merge. Do not use the --force flag unless you’re absolutely sure you know what you’re doing.

git push <remote> --all - Push all of your local branches to the specified remote.

git push <remote> --tags - Tags aren’t automatically pushed when you push a branch or use the --all flag. The --tags flag sends all of your local tags to the remote repo.

General

git branch -a - List branches

git tag - view local tags

git ls-remote --tags origin - view remote tags

git checkout -- README.md - undo changes you made to specific files

git remote show origin - show details of repository

Heroku

For notes regarding git and Heroku, please see Heroku Notes

.gitignore

node_modules

Trouble

Remove .DS_Store from git

Ensure .DS_Store is in global ignore (see above).

Then remove from git:

find . -name .DS_Store -print0 | xargs -0 git rm -f --ignore-unmatch

Remove .DS_Store

find . -name '.DS_Store' -type f -delete